Metrology is the science of measurement, including both theoretical and experimental aspects at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology. It is different to meteorology, which is one of the sub-disciplines of the atmospheric sciences.
There are dedicated laboratories of metrology, which establish measurement standards for a country or organisation, such as NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA), and PTB (Physikalisch - Technische Bundesanstalt, Germany) etc.